Python 3.14 introduces free-threaded mode, t-strings, and a new debugger interface, bringing major speed and usability improvements.
https://linuxiac.com/python-3-14-released-with-free-threaded-mode/

#python #programming #opensource

Tutorial

Começando com FastAPI: construa sua primeira API em Python - Felipe de Morais

Aprenda a criar sua primeira API com FastAPI! Neste tutorial para iniciantes, você vai construir uma API REST do zero usando Python de forma prática e descomplicada.

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

🚀 It's out!

🥧 Please install and enjoy Python 3.14!

https://discuss.python.org/t/python-3-14-0-final-is-here/104210?u=hugovk

#Python #Python314 #release

🚀 It's out!

🥧 Please install and enjoy Python 3.14!

https://discuss.python.org/t/python-3-14-0-final-is-here/104210?u=hugovk

#Python #Python314 #release

🚀 It's out!

🥧 Please install and enjoy Python 3.14!

https://discuss.python.org/t/python-3-14-0-final-is-here/104210?u=hugovk

#Python #Python314 #release

🚀 It's out!

🥧 Please install and enjoy Python 3.14!

https://discuss.python.org/t/python-3-14-0-final-is-here/104210?u=hugovk

#Python #Python314 #release

🚀 It's out!

🥧 Please install and enjoy Python 3.14!

https://discuss.python.org/t/python-3-14-0-final-is-here/104210?u=hugovk

#Python #Python314 #release

🚀 It's out!

🥧 Please install and enjoy Python 3.14!

https://discuss.python.org/t/python-3-14-0-final-is-here/104210?u=hugovk

#Python #Python314 #release

macOS installer done, next on the final publishing and announcing steps.

#Python #Python314 #release

The Windows build is ready and macOS is underway.

#Python #Python314 #release

The Windows build has been started.

The jobs with profile-guided optimisation (PGO) build once, then collect a profile by running the tests, and then build again using that profile, to see how "real" code executes and optimises for that.

https://dev.azure.com/Python/cpython/_build/results?buildId=164907&view=results

Meanwhile, the docs+source+Android build has finished and the artifacts have been copied to where they need to go with SBOMs created.

#Python #Python314 #release

(That's actually the second CI attempt, we had to update some script arguments following an Android test runner update.)

This build takes about half an hour.

I've also informed the Windows and macOS release managers about the tag and they will start up installer builds.

This takes a few hours, so I've got time to finish up the release notes.

PEP 101 is the full process, but much is automated and we don't need to follow it all manually.

https://peps.python.org/pep-0101/

#Python #Python314 #release

Next up, merge and backport the final change to What's New in Python 3.14 to declare it latest stable.
https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/139631

Now start run_release.py, the main release automation script, which does a bunch of pre-checks, runs blurb to create a merged changelog, bumps some numbers, and pushes a branch and tag to my fork. It'll go upstream at the end of a successful build.

Then kick off the CI to build source zips, docs and Android binaries.
https://github.com/python/release-tools/actions/runs/18308460797

#Python #Python314 #release

Release day!

First off, check blockers and buildbots.

A new release-blocker appeared yesterday (because of course) but it can wait until 3.14.1.

https://github.com/python/cpython/labels/release-blocker

Three deferred-blockers are also waiting until 3.14.1.

https://github.com/python/cpython/labels/deferred-blocker

A new tier-2 buildbot failure appeared yesterday (because of course) but it had previously been offline for a month and will need some reconfiguration. Can ignore.

https://buildbot.python.org/#/release_status

OK, let's make a Python!

#Python #Python314 #release

@chrisjrn.fyi Interesting proposal they're making there.

I've been tinkering with the AI-assisted autocompletion in #PyCharm recently - only on open source projects so no concerns about code privacy - and it's been slightly helpful but overall a very mixed bag. It'll be interesting to see if it gets better as they collect more data.

#Python

Very excited to announce the release of my first solo book:

Talk Python in Production: A Cloud-Agnostic Guide to Building, Scaling, and Managing Your Own #Python Infrastructure

https://talkpython.fm/books/python-in-production

Read about how @talkpython is built and operated!

Very excited to announce the release of my first solo book:

Talk Python in Production: A Cloud-Agnostic Guide to Building, Scaling, and Managing Your Own #Python Infrastructure

https://talkpython.fm/books/python-in-production

Read about how @talkpython is built and operated!

I’m somewhat exhausted to announce attrs 25.4.0!

The main reason for this release (and why it's published today) is that it ships the first pieces of work for Python 3.14 and PEP 749. There will be more work required and there's going to be a lot more churn once everyone starts testing 3.14 earnestly. We hope to receive more feedback before spending more time on this. #Python

https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/releases/tag/25.4.0

Please; which Python code style guide do you recommend me to follow?

#python

TIL: Safari has built-in WebDriver support

https://yossarian.net/til/post/safari-has-built-in-webdriver-support/

#python #web

TIL: Safari has built-in WebDriver support

https://yossarian.net/til/post/safari-has-built-in-webdriver-support/

#python #web

@wildrikku @mark Wait there's *another* requests library? 😵‍💫 I'm talking about this one: https://pypi.org/project/requests/

I'd add that I think one of the emerging strengths of Python is how easy it makes it to use dependencies, especially with inline script metadata (https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/inline-script-metadata/). So the reasons to avoid dependencies are getting less and less relevant, and people who dogmatically insist on avoiding dependencies without a good reason - not saying that's you, but those people are out there - appear increasingly out of touch with modern best practices.

That being said, I still think it'd be a big improvement if the Python stdlib included better-designed URL handling modules, but realistically, I don't think that's going to happen. It's just that, because of the rich third-party library ecosystem, that's not as big of a problem as it would otherwise be.

#Python

Tutorial

Começando com FastAPI: construa sua primeira API em Python - Felipe de Morais

Aprenda a criar sua primeira API com FastAPI! Neste tutorial para iniciantes, você vai construir uma API REST do zero usando Python de forma prática e descomplicada.

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

@wildrikku To be fair, the URL handling is a particularly poorly structured portion of the #Python standard library. (Partly because the documentation for `HTTPResponse` lives at a very non-obvious place, https://docs.python.org/3/library/http.client.html#httpresponse-objects)

Most people just use external libraries like `requests` or `httpx`, which are much easier to use than the standard library's `urllib`; I would recommend that.

I'm still not having a great time with #Python. Seemingly simple things require poking around and searching on StackOverflow to an extent C# and PHP avoid by having better docs. I recently made a parser with BeautifulSoup. Now I wanted to extent the code to make another parser but this time the response is JSON, not HTML. It took me like 15 min to figure out which method I need because urlopen() returns Any so my IDE can't help and HTTPRequest, which is what it really returns, is undocumented.

And back to green!
#Python #Python314

Temos a honra de apresentar nosso keynote, Robert Silva!
Robert é DevOps Engineer no Santander, com mais de 10 anos de experiência em TI como consultor e arquiteto de soluções. Especialista em Kubernetes (CKA e CKAD) e automação, é apaixonado por compartilhar conhecimento e inspirar profissionais na transição para DevOps.

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #devops #pybr2025

Temos a honra de apresentar nosso keynote, Robert Silva!
Robert é DevOps Engineer no Santander, com mais de 10 anos de experiência em TI como consultor e arquiteto de soluções. Especialista em Kubernetes (CKA e CKAD) e automação, é apaixonado por compartilhar conhecimento e inspirar profissionais na transição para DevOps.

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #devops #pybr2025

Three days until release and a bug in the Linux kernel has turned a dozen buildbots red...

It's already been fixed in the kernel, but will take some time to bubble up. We'll skip that test for relevant kernel versions in the meantime.

https://buildbot.python.org/#/release_status
#Python #Python314

I spent the day making a python code that generates random weird pharmaceutical names. Life is short, spend your time wisely.

#python #pharmaceuticals #drugs #funny

I spent the day making a python code that generates random weird pharmaceutical names. Life is short, spend your time wisely.

#python #pharmaceuticals #drugs #funny

Ever wanted to work on open source full-time? Come join me at the @openhomefoundation; we’ve got 5 new roles on @homeassistant.

👩‍💼 Program Manager
🐍 Python Engineers
✍️ Technical Writers

🌍 Remote. Open source, every day.
Links in replies 👇

#HomeAssistant #OpenSource #Jobs #OpenSource #Hiring #Python #TechWriters

Sábados de manhã em outubro e novembro no #SescAvPaulista: Grupo de estudos em #Python

https://www.sescsp.org.br/programacao/grupo-de-estudos-em-python-primeiros-passos/

#SescSP #SãoPaulo

Sábados de manhã em outubro e novembro no #SescAvPaulista: Grupo de estudos em #Python

https://www.sescsp.org.br/programacao/grupo-de-estudos-em-python-primeiros-passos/

#SescSP #SãoPaulo

Let me post a *non*-subtoot for once... We made a thing!

https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-810-explicit-lazy-imports/104131

#Python #PEP

Let me post a *non*-subtoot for once... We made a thing!

https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-810-explicit-lazy-imports/104131

#Python #PEP

#py5 comes with some cool integrations with other #Python libraries, such as the ability to convert #Pillow images, #shapely and #trimesh objects.

But you can create and register your own conversion functions too!

https://py5coding.org/integrations/custom_integrations.html

#py5 comes with some cool integrations with other #Python libraries, such as the ability to convert #Pillow images, #shapely and #trimesh objects.

But you can create and register your own conversion functions too!

https://py5coding.org/integrations/custom_integrations.html

Can anyone tell me why #python random.sample() *requires* deriving from collections.abc.Sequence?

if not isinstance(population, _Sequence):
raise TypeError("Population must be a sequence. "
"For dicts or sets, use sorted(d).")

I want to sample from a third-party package's list-like collection. It has a working __len__, __getitem__, and __iter__, which is all sample() needs. But it can't be sampled as it doesn't inherit from Sequence.

Given Python's usual ducktyping, this feels wrong.

Can anyone tell me why #python random.sample() *requires* deriving from collections.abc.Sequence?

if not isinstance(population, _Sequence):
raise TypeError("Population must be a sequence. "
"For dicts or sets, use sorted(d).")

I want to sample from a third-party package's list-like collection. It has a working __len__, __getitem__, and __iter__, which is all sample() needs. But it can't be sampled as it doesn't inherit from Sequence.

Given Python's usual ducktyping, this feels wrong.

I don't want to use anything Microsoft or Microsoft-adjacent for authoring Python. I *had* been using PyCharm Community Edition, because that tends to be the preferred IDE at work. However, with JetBrains now making us opt-out of something AI related (I don't even care what the details are), I want to use something else.

Zed looking interesting, but it's AI front and center.

At this rate I'll end up on Thorny or something. But seriously, what simple IDE are people using these days?

#Python

Se você perdeu as inscrições para tutoriais, essa é a sua segunda chance <3

Abriremos vagas remanescentes para tutoriais dia 05 de outubro, às 8h da manhã, horário de Brasília! Não perca!

Spoilers: dia 22 abrimos 400 vagas, e elas acabaram em menos de 48h, recomendamos fortemente acordar cedo para garantir seu lugar 🐍 🔥

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

Se você perdeu as inscrições para tutoriais, essa é a sua segunda chance <3

Abriremos vagas remanescentes para tutoriais dia 05 de outubro, às 8h da manhã, horário de Brasília! Não perca!

Spoilers: dia 22 abrimos 400 vagas, e elas acabaram em menos de 48h, recomendamos fortemente acordar cedo para garantir seu lugar 🐍 🔥

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

The Python Software Foundation is the organization behind the open source Python programming language. We are devoted to creating the conditions for Python and the Python community to grow and thrive.

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil

The Python Software Foundation is the organization behind the open source Python programming language. We are devoted to creating the conditions for Python and the Python community to grow and thrive.

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil

Pythonic Café é uma civictech dedicada a utilizar software livre e dados abertos para gerar impacto social positivo, tornando o planeta um lugar mais sustentável.

Sua missão é tornar informações públicas mais acessíveis e compreensíveis, promovendo transparência e participação cidadã.

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

Pythonic Café é uma civictech dedicada a utilizar software livre e dados abertos para gerar impacto social positivo, tornando o planeta um lugar mais sustentável.

Sua missão é tornar informações públicas mais acessíveis e compreensíveis, promovendo transparência e participação cidadã.

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

Today is my last day at work. Tomorrow I am available to start with your team! 📢 If you're looking for a #Python / #Django veteran 🧭, who spent 5 years as a Django Fellow, maintaining Django itself, and who is a Django 💚 and Python 🐍 contributor. I'm here 👋 Contact me 📬 #opentowork

https://www.mariuszfelisiak.org/

Only one week left until the release of Python 3.14.0 final!

https://docs.python.org/3.14/whatsnew/3.14.html

https://peps.python.org/pep-0745/

What are you looking forward to?

#Python #Python314

Today is my last day at work. Tomorrow I am available to start with your team! 📢 If you're looking for a #Python / #Django veteran 🧭, who spent 5 years as a Django Fellow, maintaining Django itself, and who is a Django 💚 and Python 🐍 contributor. I'm here 👋 Contact me 📬 #opentowork

https://www.mariuszfelisiak.org/

Amanhã no #SescAvPaulista rola o último encontro do semestre do Grupo de Estudos em #Python (https://hackmd.io/@sesc-av-paulista/estudos-em-python), se quiser participar é só chegar 14h para pegar uma senha grátis. A atividade é das 14h30 às 16h30.

Em outubro vou dar este curso quintas à tarde com 4 encontros:

https://www.sescsp.org.br/programacao/ilustracoes-vetoriais-para-grandes-formatos-com-programacao/

#SescSP #TecnologiasEArtes

Amanhã no #SescAvPaulista rola o último encontro do semestre do Grupo de Estudos em #Python (https://hackmd.io/@sesc-av-paulista/estudos-em-python), se quiser participar é só chegar 14h para pegar uma senha grátis. A atividade é das 14h30 às 16h30.

Em outubro vou dar este curso quintas à tarde com 4 encontros:

https://www.sescsp.org.br/programacao/ilustracoes-vetoriais-para-grandes-formatos-com-programacao/

#SescSP #TecnologiasEArtes

[New Blog Post] Proving the Infinitude of Primes in Knuckledragger #python #logic https://www.philipzucker.com/knuckle_primes/

The upcoming 3.3.0 release of pyparsing will include AI instructions for best practices when using this package. They can be accessed from the command-line using `python -m pyparsing.ai.show_best_practices` (They work for human developers too.) #python #pyparsing #ai

Ever wanted to work on open source full-time? Come join me at the @openhomefoundation; we’ve got 5 new roles on @homeassistant.

👩‍💼 Program Manager
🐍 Python Engineers
✍️ Technical Writers

🌍 Remote. Open source, every day.
Links in replies 👇

#HomeAssistant #OpenSource #Jobs #OpenSource #Hiring #Python #TechWriters

[New Blog Post] Proving the Infinitude of Primes in Knuckledragger #python #logic https://www.philipzucker.com/knuckle_primes/

@glyph @helge Oh nice, thanks, I didn't realize there was already a PEP for it! Makes sense though

#Python

Hii alle, ich bin #neuhier

Ich bin ein #Enby in Ausbildung, versuche hier herauszufinden wie es für mich ist #nonbinary zu sein, im echten Leben (noch!) zu schüchtern dafür.
Ich promoviere aktuell in theoretischer #Physik, irgendwas zwischen Gravitation und Quantenmagie. Diskutiere immer gerne!
Programmiere schon mein halbes Leben, Hauptsächlich Mathe Stuff. Sprache der Wahl ist #python.

Was Du von mir erwarten kannst: Enby Struggles, Physik Nerd Stuff, FOSS Nerd Stuff, was mir gerade einfällt

Ever wanted to work on open source full-time? Come join me at the @openhomefoundation; we’ve got 5 new roles on @homeassistant.

👩‍💼 Program Manager
🐍 Python Engineers
✍️ Technical Writers

🌍 Remote. Open source, every day.
Links in replies 👇

#HomeAssistant #OpenSource #Jobs #OpenSource #Hiring #Python #TechWriters

@helge I don't think there's a formal reporting mechanism for this. Since PyPI doesn't do anything special when a package is abandoned, there wouldn't be any point.

If a project being abandoned is causing some sort of particularly dangerous situation, I suppose one could contact the PyPI admins and ask them to do something about it manually. No guarantee on whether they would or not though 🤷 I think they typically take a hands-off approach by default.

#PyPI #Python

Ever wanted to work on open source full-time? Come join me at the @openhomefoundation; we’ve got 5 new roles on @homeassistant.

👩‍💼 Program Manager
🐍 Python Engineers
✍️ Technical Writers

🌍 Remote. Open source, every day.
Links in replies 👇

#HomeAssistant #OpenSource #Jobs #OpenSource #Hiring #Python #TechWriters

yak stack threat level: "maybe I should write my *own* version of tox?" #python

Ever wanted to work on open source full-time? Come join me at the @openhomefoundation; we’ve got 5 new roles on @homeassistant.

👩‍💼 Program Manager
🐍 Python Engineers
✍️ Technical Writers

🌍 Remote. Open source, every day.
Links in replies 👇

#HomeAssistant #OpenSource #Jobs #OpenSource #Hiring #Python #TechWriters

Atenção atenção!

Vocês sabem que é possível ler de graça a versão em português do Python Fluente do Luciano Ramalho, não é mesmo?
(https://pythonfluente.com)

Agora, se você sonhava com uma edição em papel, ajude o @lr a fazer ela acontecer contribuindo no:

https://www.catarse.me/pythonfluente

#Python #PythonFluente #Livro

Atenção atenção!

Vocês sabem que é possível ler de graça a versão em português do Python Fluente do Luciano Ramalho, não é mesmo?
(https://pythonfluente.com)

Agora, se você sonhava com uma edição em papel, ajude o @lr a fazer ela acontecer contribuindo no:

https://www.catarse.me/pythonfluente

#Python #PythonFluente #Livro

Ever wanted to work on open source full-time? Come join me at the @openhomefoundation; we’ve got 5 new roles on @homeassistant.

👩‍💼 Program Manager
🐍 Python Engineers
✍️ Technical Writers

🌍 Remote. Open source, every day.
Links in replies 👇

#HomeAssistant #OpenSource #Jobs #OpenSource #Hiring #Python #TechWriters

Ever wanted to work on open source full-time? Come join me at the @openhomefoundation; we’ve got 5 new roles on @homeassistant.

👩‍💼 Program Manager
🐍 Python Engineers
✍️ Technical Writers

🌍 Remote. Open source, every day.
Links in replies 👇

#HomeAssistant #OpenSource #Jobs #OpenSource #Hiring #Python #TechWriters

Hii alle, ich bin #neuhier

Ich bin ein #Enby in Ausbildung, versuche hier herauszufinden wie es für mich ist #nonbinary zu sein, im echten Leben (noch!) zu schüchtern dafür.
Ich promoviere aktuell in theoretischer #Physik, irgendwas zwischen Gravitation und Quantenmagie. Diskutiere immer gerne!
Programmiere schon mein halbes Leben, Hauptsächlich Mathe Stuff. Sprache der Wahl ist #python.

Was Du von mir erwarten kannst: Enby Struggles, Physik Nerd Stuff, FOSS Nerd Stuff, was mir gerade einfällt

Hii everyone, time for an #introduction

I'm a trainee #enby from Germany, trying to find out how being #nonbinary works for me here, since I'm too shy to try this out in real life (yet!).
I currently do my PhD in theoretical #physics, sth in between gravity and quantum fuckery. Happy to discuss any time!
Also developing for half my life, mostly math stuff. Language of choice is #python.

What you can expect from me: enby struggles, physics nerd stuff, FOSS nerd stuff, whatever comes to my mind

#Python is for artists too!

I made some #Python #numpy, #shapely, #trimesh & #py5 stickers!

PS: I asked the PSF to check if the logos were alright: "you can change the colors and add elements inside, but not change the shape or position of the snakes". So I had to change my original Python Reading Club logo...

#Python is for artists too!

I made some #Python #numpy, #shapely, #trimesh & #py5 stickers!

PS: I asked the PSF to check if the logos were alright: "you can change the colors and add elements inside, but not change the shape or position of the snakes". So I had to change my original Python Reading Club logo...

#Development #Experiences
Migrating from GitHub to Codeberg · How everything turned out as intended https://ilo.im/166wm0

_____
#Migration #Repositories #Codeberg #GitHub #Python #Django #WebDev #Frontend #Backend

All I want right now is:
- a standalone executable for cookiecutter
- that runs on a Mac
- and does not care if I have any version of #python installed

This appears to be impossible

All I want right now is:
- a standalone executable for cookiecutter
- that runs on a Mac
- and does not care if I have any version of #python installed

This appears to be impossible

How do venvs actually work? The python "binary" inside a venv is just a symlink to the system wide python. The activate script effectively sets VIRTUAL_ENV and prepends PATH. So why can't I have the same effects by just setting those two environment variable manually? Why can't modules of packages installed inside the venv be found by gunicorn when setting both env variables in a systemd unit and starting gunicorn that was installed by apt?
#python #ubuntu #gunicorn

Temos a honra de apresentar nossa keynote, Simara Nascimento!

Apaixonada por inovação, educação e arquitetura de sistemas. Ajudando a reduzir a lacuna de gênero e raça no mercado de tecnologia atuando em projetos educacionais e de conteúdo como Pretalab e Quero Ser Dev.

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

Temos a honra de apresentar nossa keynote, Simara Nascimento!

Apaixonada por inovação, educação e arquitetura de sistemas. Ajudando a reduzir a lacuna de gênero e raça no mercado de tecnologia atuando em projetos educacionais e de conteúdo como Pretalab e Quero Ser Dev.

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

Pydantic. Know more. Build faster.

The Pydantic platform gives devs visibility to stay in flow, from local to prod, from AI to API.

Ship robust apps faster, in Python, TypeScript, Rust and others.

#python #bolhadev #pydantic #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

Pydantic. Know more. Build faster.

The Pydantic platform gives devs visibility to stay in flow, from local to prod, from AI to API.

Ship robust apps faster, in Python, TypeScript, Rust and others.

#python #bolhadev #pydantic #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

The ice scraper program is evolving quickly thanks to volunteer excellence. it includes more than 190 facilities and expanding highly detailed detainee data. the scraper- the code #python => https://github.com/Open-Security-Mapping-Project/ice_detention_scraper #ice #dhs #homelandsecurity

The ice scraper program is evolving quickly thanks to volunteer excellence. it includes more than 190 facilities and expanding highly detailed detainee data. the scraper- the code #python => https://github.com/Open-Security-Mapping-Project/ice_detention_scraper #ice #dhs #homelandsecurity

Riddle me this: I wrote a #Python script, made it executable and ran it at the shell prompt. Worked fine. Then I remembered it didn't have a shebang line. How is that even possible? Using #Zsh here, if it makes a difference.

@yantor3d

When people have pushed that around me, I show them the Zen of Python. It's important enough that it's the climactic line.

> Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

`from x import y` throws one of Python's greatest features in the trash, and mashes everything into a single namespace, with all the opportunities for collisions, accidental overwrites, thinkos, and other problems.

Don't do it.

#python #namespace #namespaces #ZenOfPython #zen #import

Forget rewriting all the CLI commands in rust, let's rewrite them in #python

- partially done from a quick search of pypi
- would make bandit happy (bandit hates subprocess)
- screaming, blazing, lightspeed fast*

* compared to *pure *bash

I vibe coded this Mandelbrot set generator with Toad and Claude. WDYT?

#Toad #Python

I vibe coded this Mandelbrot set generator with Toad and Claude. WDYT?

#Toad #Python

Mastodon.py 2.1.4, with some fixes from @thcrt to type annotations, and for login on instances where .well-known 404s are not real 404s (observed on at least one Akkoma instance)

Thank you for the contributions! <3

https://github.com/halcy/Mastodon.py/releases/tag/v2.1.4

#mastodonpy #python #mastodev

Ok. I've fixed up the #Python #Music arpeggiation and am testing it with https://github.com/ology/Music/blob/master/arpeggiate.py

Here is the transcription of the zany whole-tone wackiness:

1/2

Note to self: don't use naive datetimes in Python, just don't. It's so low effort to use UTC internally and you won't have to wonder "WAIT what happens to any of my time deltas when DST kicks in?" at 1am

#Python

Estão abertas as inscrições gratuitas para os tutoriais da Python Brasil 2025!

Tutoriais são minicursos práticos onde você aprenderá conteúdos incríveis com pessoas da comunidade!

As vagas são limitadas, corra reservar a sua 🐍 🔥
https://pybr2025.eventbrite.com.br/

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

Estão abertas as inscrições gratuitas para os tutoriais da Python Brasil 2025!

Tutoriais são minicursos práticos onde você aprenderá conteúdos incríveis com pessoas da comunidade!

As vagas são limitadas, corra reservar a sua 🐍 🔥
https://pybr2025.eventbrite.com.br/

#python #bolhadev #pythonbrasil #pybr2025

#NPM from #Node.js ended up in the hands of Microsoft.

#RubyGems from #Ruby ended up in the hands of a nazi libertarian.

It feels like #OSS and #FOSS are being attacked on a daily basis.

Do anyone have information regarding #PyPi from #Python, is it also compromised? As far as I know, PyPi stopped working with pip search ("Use the browser") and the website needs JS to function (because it uses some PoW browser checking), so using Lynx or elinks as a sysadmin on a terminal-only machine in order to search for Python packages have been a no-no. Wonder how much it's due to similar phenomenon going on with Ruby and Node.js ecosystems.

I was added to the Python GitHub organization as a triager a couple of weeks ago. Feels so good, and makes me want to help even more!

I was a CPython triager (had the Developer role in bugs.python.org) back in 2009: https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-committers@python.org/thread/6XTQCPDP6TPVGAHUMMFEAEZRDXY5MJFJ/#6XTQCPDP6TPVGAHUMMFEAEZRDXY5MJFJ

Triaging CPython issues now is very different: there's a very active and attentive triage team, the number of issues has grown, we use GitHub instead of RoundUp etc.

Hit me up if you're a CPython developer and want your issues triaged.

#Python #CPython

https://villares-shop.fourthwall.com (International)
https://umapenca.com/villares (BR)

#Python #CreativeCoding #Processing #py5 #TShirt #GenerativeArt #SupportArtists

People gripe in public about the churn and confusion in #Python packaging. We should talk more about the helpful people who can help you machete your way through the thicket. They are the best.
https://github.com/nedbat/cog/pull/57

People gripe in public about the churn and confusion in #Python packaging. We should talk more about the helpful people who can help you machete your way through the thicket. They are the best.
https://github.com/nedbat/cog/pull/57

https://villares-shop.fourthwall.com (International)
https://umapenca.com/villares (BR)

#Python #CreativeCoding #Processing #py5 #TShirt #GenerativeArt #SupportArtists

Two fake Python packages just dropped a powerful RAT on Windows.

“sisaws” & “secmeasure” secretly install SilentSync — capable of stealing browser passwords, files, and screenshots. #Python #CyberSecurity #InfoSec
https://thehackernews.com/2025/09/silentsync-rat-delivered-via-two.html

Das ist übrigens ne gute Gelegenheit, mal wieder #Python zu loben. Weil es nämlich nicht einfach implizit Dinge annimmt, nur um dir zu erlauben, dir bequem in den Fuß zu schießen.

"Du möchtest ein datetime _mit_ Zeitzoneninformation subtrahieren von einem _ohne_? Nein. Darfst du nicht. Du sagst mir bitte ganz genau, wie ich die beiden konvertieren soll, damit sie kompatibel zueinander sind."

Das gleiche gilt auch für "str" vs. "bytes".

I want to write a program to extract a list of clickable links from a PDF page.

#pypdf can list the link positions/sizes and target URLs. But in a PDF document, links are annotations, which are separate data from the document text.

To get the display text of a clickable link in a PDF, is the easiest way to convert the full page to PNG, crop it to the link's bounding box, and run that through OCR? Or am I missing something more reasonable?

#programming #python #IfItWorksItWorks

🐍🏃‍➡️🏃‍➡️ #Python #CoreSprint day 2!

@trallard gave a presentation about the different types of mentorship and how we can improve in CPython, followed by discussion

@gpshead gave demo on tools like Claude

Tania, @jezdez, @willingc and I discussed about the User Success WG and we came up with some ideas on next steps

We ended the day with punting on the Cam and dinner at Jesus College, thank you, Arm!

@Yhg1s gave a fun session of his Feuding Pythonistas (spoiler: people are wrong on the internet)

You can still help sponsor the Brazilian national #Python conference!
You can also donate a ticket so that a student can attend!
#PythonBrasil2025

I am working on a binary tree class for one of my algorithms class. I have gone a little off the rails and implemented generators for the different tree traversal techniques.

One thing I don't like though is all the redundancy. All of these generators are essentially the same but just the order in which nodes and trees are evaluated is changed. Is there anyway to simplify the code or reduce the redundancy?

#python #programming

You can still help sponsor the Brazilian national #Python conference!
You can also donate a ticket so that a student can attend!
#PythonBrasil2025

Good morning, especially to the two new and two returning @ThePSF directors!

And _especially_ good morning to the @ThePSF's moderation team. Y'all do great work and we don't thank you enough (nor could we)!

#Python

Good morning, especially to the two new and two returning @ThePSF directors!

And _especially_ good morning to the @ThePSF's moderation team. Y'all do great work and we don't thank you enough (nor could we)!

#Python

🐍🏃‍➡️ We kicked off the first day of the #Python #CoreSprint at #Arm in #Cambridge with lots of talks and lots of discussion about talks!

Ken Jin - Building a JIT Community AND Demo [effect] of new C API
@antocuni - Tracing JITs on real code
@brettcannon - WASI update AND precompiled binaries from python.org
Hood Chatham - Upstreaming Pyodide FFI
@freakboy3742 - Managing cross-platform wheel builds
Steering Council - PEP 793 and abi3/abi3t/abi4
Matthew Parkinson - Designing Deep Immutability

This tutorial will guide you through building a simple ActivityPub bot using Python. The bot will listen for mentions and, when it receives a message in a specific format, it will schedule and send a reminder back to the user after a specified delay.

For example, if a user mentions the bot with a message like "@reminder@your.host.com 10m check the oven", the bot will reply 10 minutes later with a message like "🔔 Reminder for @user: check the oven".

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you will need Python 3.10+ and the following libraries:

• apkit[server]: A powerful toolkit for building ActivityPub applications in Python. We use the server extra, which includes FastAPI-based components.
• uvicorn: An ASGI server to run our FastAPI application.
• cryptography: Used for generating and managing the cryptographic keys required for ActivityPub.
• uv: An optional but recommended fast package manager.

You can install these dependencies using uv or pip.

# Initialize a new project with uv
uv init

# Install dependencies
uv add "apkit[server]" uvicorn cryptography

Project Structure

The project structure is minimal, consisting of a single Python file for our bot's logic.

.
├── main.py
└── private_key.pem

• main.py: Contains all the code for the bot.
• private_key.pem: The private key for the bot's Actor. This will be generated automatically on the first run.

Code Walkthrough

Our application logic can be broken down into the following steps:

1. Imports and Configuration: Set up necessary imports and basic configuration variables.
2. Key Generation: Prepare the cryptographic keys needed for signing activities.
3. Actor Definition: Define the bot's identity on the Fediverse.
4. Server Initialization: Set up the apkit ActivityPub server.
5. Data Storage: Implement a simple in-memory store for created activities.
6. Reminder Logic: Code the core logic for parsing reminders and sending notifications.
7. Endpoint Definitions: Create the necessary web endpoints (/actor, /inbox, etc.).
8. Activity Handlers: Process incoming activities from other servers.
9. Application Startup: Run the server.

Let's dive into each section of the main.py file.

1. Imports and Configuration

First, we import the necessary modules and define the basic configuration for our bot.

# main.py

import asyncio
import logging
import re
import uuid
import os
from datetime import timedelta, datetime

# Imports from FastAPI, cryptography, and apkit
from fastapi import Request, Response
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization as crypto_serialization

from apkit.config import AppConfig
from apkit.server import ActivityPubServer
from apkit.server.types import Context, ActorKey
from apkit.server.responses import ActivityResponse
from apkit.models import (
    Actor, Application, CryptographicKey, Follow, Create, Note, Mention, Actor as APKitActor, OrderedCollection,
)
from apkit.client import WebfingerResource, WebfingerResult, WebfingerLink
from apkit.client.asyncio.client import ActivityPubClient

# --- Logging Setup ---
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# --- Basic Configuration ---
HOST = "your.host.com"  # Replace with your domain
USER_ID = "reminder"      # The bot's username

Make sure to replace your.host.com with the actual domain where your bot will be hosted. These values determine your bot's unique identifier (e.g., @reminder@your.host.com).

2. Key Generation and Persistence

ActivityPub uses HTTP Signatures to secure communication between servers. This requires each actor to have a public/private key pair. The following code generates a private key and saves it to a file if one doesn't already exist.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Key Persistence ---
KEY_FILE = "private_key.pem"

# Load the private key if it exists, otherwise generate a new one
if os.path.exists(KEY_FILE):
    logger.info(f"Loading existing private key from {KEY_FILE}.")
    with open(KEY_FILE, "rb") as f:
        private_key = crypto_serialization.load_pem_private_key(f.read(), password=None)
else:
    logger.info(f"No key file found. Generating new private key and saving to {KEY_FILE}.")
    private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(public_exponent=65537, key_size=2048)
    with open(KEY_FILE, "wb") as f:
        f.write(private_key.private_bytes(
            encoding=crypto_serialization.Encoding.PEM,
            format=crypto_serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
            encryption_algorithm=crypto_serialization.NoEncryption()
        ))

# Generate the public key from the private key
public_key_pem = private_key.public_key().public_bytes(
    encoding=crypto_serialization.Encoding.PEM,
    format=crypto_serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo
).decode('utf-8')

3. Actor Definition

Next, we define the bot's Actor. The Actor is the bot's identity in the ActivityPub network. We use the Application type, as this entity is automated.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Actor Definition ---
actor = Application(
    id=f"https://{HOST}/actor",
    name="Reminder Bot",
    preferredUsername=USER_ID,
    summary="A bot that sends you reminders. Mention me like: @reminder 5m Check the oven",
    inbox=f"https://{HOST}/inbox",      # Endpoint for receiving activities
    outbox=f"https://{HOST}/outbox",    # Endpoint for sending activities
    publicKey=CryptographicKey(
        id=f"https://{HOST}/actor#main-key",
        owner=f"https://{HOST}/actor",
        publicKeyPem=public_key_pem
    )
)

4. Server Initialization

We initialize the ActivityPubServer from apkit, providing it with a function to retrieve our Actor's keys for signing outgoing activities.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Key Retrieval Function ---
async def get_keys_for_actor(identifier: str) -> list[ActorKey]:
    """Returns the key for a given Actor ID."""
    if identifier == actor.id:
        return [ActorKey(key_id=actor.publicKey.id, private_key=private_key)]
    return []

# --- Server Initialization ---
app = ActivityPubServer(apkit_config=AppConfig(
    actor_keys=get_keys_for_actor  # Register the key retrieval function
))

5. In-Memory Storage and Cache

To serve created activities, we need to store them somewhere. For simplicity, this example uses a basic in-memory dictionary as a store and a cache. In a production application, you would replace this with a persistent database (like SQLite or PostgreSQL) and a proper cache (like Redis).

# main.py (continued)

# --- In-memory Store and Cache ---
ACTIVITY_STORE = {} # A simple dict to store created activities
CACHE = {}          # A cache for recently accessed activities
CACHE_TTL = timedelta(minutes=5) # Cache expiration time (5 minutes)

6. Reminder Parsing and Sending Logic

This is the core logic of our bot. The parse_reminder function uses a regular expression to extract the delay and message from a mention, and send_reminder schedules the notification.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Reminder Parsing Logic ---
def parse_reminder(text: str) -> tuple[timedelta | None, str | None, str | None]:
    """Parses reminder text like '5m do something'."""
    # ... (implementation omitted for brevity)

# --- Reminder Sending Function ---
async def send_reminder(ctx: Context, delay: timedelta, message: str, target_actor: APKitActor, original_note: Note):
    """Waits for a specified delay and then sends a reminder."""
    logger.info(f"Scheduling reminder for {target_actor.id} in {delay}: '{message}'")
    await asyncio.sleep(delay.total_seconds()) # Asynchronously wait
    
    logger.info(f"Sending reminder to {target_actor.id}")
    
    # Create the reminder Note
    reminder_note = Note(...)
    # Wrap it in a Create activity
    reminder_create = Create(...)
    
    # Store the created activities
    ACTIVITY_STORE[reminder_note.id] = reminder_note
    ACTIVITY_STORE[reminder_create.id] = reminder_create
    
    # Send the activity to the target actor's inbox
    keys = await get_keys_for_actor(f"https://{HOST}/actor")
    await ctx.send(keys, target_actor, reminder_create)
    logger.info(f"Reminder sent to {target_actor.id}")

7. Endpoint Definitions

We define the required ActivityPub endpoints. Since apkit is built on FastAPI, we can use standard FastAPI decorators. The main endpoints are:

• Webfinger: Allows users on other servers to discover the bot using an address like @user@host. This is a crucial first step for federation.
• /actor: Serves the bot's Actor object, which contains its profile information and public key.
• /inbox: The endpoint where the bot receives activities from other servers. apkit handles this route automatically, directing activities to the handlers we'll define in the next step.
• /outbox: A collection of the activities created by the bot. but this returns placeholder collection.
• /notes/{note_id} and /creates/{create_id}: Endpoints to serve specific objects created by the bot, allowing other servers to fetch them by their unique ID.

Here is the code for defining these endpoints:

# main.py (continued)

# The inbox endpoint is handled by apkit automatically.
app.inbox("/inbox")

@app.webfinger()
async def webfinger_endpoint(request: Request, acct: WebfingerResource) -> Response:
    """Handles Webfinger requests to make the bot discoverable."""
    if not acct.url:
        # Handle resource queries like acct:user@host
        if acct.username == USER_ID and acct.host == HOST:
            link = WebfingerLink(rel="self", type="application/activity+json", href=actor.id)
            wf_result = WebfingerResult(subject=acct, links=[link])
            return JSONResponse(wf_result.to_json(), media_type="application/jrd+json")
    else:
        # Handle resource queries using a URL
        if acct.url == f"https://{HOST}/actor":
            link = WebfingerLink(rel="self", type="application/activity+json", href=actor.id)
            wf_result = WebfingerResult(subject=acct, links=[link])
            return JSONResponse(wf_result.to_json(), media_type="application/jrd+json")
    return JSONResponse({"message": "Not Found"}, status_code=404)

@app.get("/actor")
async def get_actor_endpoint():
    """Serves the bot's Actor object."""
    return ActivityResponse(actor)

@app.get("/outbox")
async def get_outbox_endpoint():
    """Serves a collection of the bot's sent activities."""
    items = sorted(ACTIVITY_STORE.values(), key=lambda x: x.id, reverse=True)
    outbox_collection = OrderedCollection(
        id=actor.outbox,
        totalItems=len(items),
        orderedItems=items
    )
    return ActivityResponse(outbox_collection)

@app.get("/notes/{note_id}")
async def get_note_endpoint(note_id: uuid.UUID):
    """Serves a specific Note object, with caching."""
    note_uri = f"https://{HOST}/notes/{note_id}"
    
    # Check cache first
    if note_uri in CACHE and (datetime.now() - CACHE[note_uri]["timestamp"]) < CACHE_TTL:
        return ActivityResponse(CACHE[note_uri]["activity"])
        
    # If not in cache, get from store
    if note_uri in ACTIVITY_STORE:
        activity = ACTIVITY_STORE[note_uri]
        # Add to cache before returning
        CACHE[note_uri] = {"activity": activity, "timestamp": datetime.now()}
        return ActivityResponse(activity)
        
    return Response(status_code=404) # Not Found

@app.get("/creates/{create_id}")
async def get_create_endpoint(create_id: uuid.UUID):
    """Serves a specific Create activity, with caching."""
    create_uri = f"https://{HOST}/creates/{create_id}"
    
    if create_uri in CACHE and (datetime.now() - CACHE[create_uri]["timestamp"]) < CACHE_TTL:
        return ActivityResponse(CACHE[create_uri]["activity"])
        
    if create_uri in ACTIVITY_STORE:
        activity = ACTIVITY_STORE[create_uri]
        CACHE[create_uri] = {"activity": activity, "timestamp": datetime.now()}
        return ActivityResponse(activity)
        
    return Response(status_code=404)

8. Activity Handlers

We use the @app.on() decorator to define handlers for specific activity types posted to our inbox.

• on_follow_activity: Automatically accepts Follow requests.
• on_create_activity: Parses incoming Create activities (specifically for Note objects) to schedule reminders.

# main.py (continued)

# Handler for Follow activities
@app.on(Follow)
async def on_follow_activity(ctx: Context):
    """Automatically accepts follow requests."""
    # ... (implementation omitted for brevity)

# Handler for Create activities
@app.on(Create)
async def on_create_activity(ctx: Context):
    """Parses mentions to schedule reminders."""
    activity = ctx.activity
    # Ignore if it's not a Note
    if not (isinstance(activity, Create) and isinstance(activity.object, Note)):
        return Response(status_code=202)

    note = activity.object
    
    # Check if the bot was mentioned
    is_mentioned = any(
        isinstance(tag, Mention) and tag.href == actor.id for tag in (note.tag or [])
    )
    
    if not is_mentioned:
        return Response(status_code=202)

    # ... (Parse reminder text)
    delay, message, time_str = parse_reminder(command_text)

    # If parsing is successful, schedule the reminder as a background task
    if delay and message and sender_actor:
        asyncio.create_task(send_reminder(ctx, delay, message, sender_actor, note))
        reply_content = f"<p>✅ OK! I will remind you in {time_str}.</p>"
    else:
        # If parsing fails, send usage instructions
        reply_content = "<p>🤔 Sorry, I didn\'t understand. Please use the format: `@reminder [time] [message]`.</p><p>Example: `@reminder 10m Check the oven`</p>"

    # ... (Create and send the reply Note)

9. Running the Application

Finally, we run the application using uvicorn.

# main.py (continued)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import uvicorn
    logger.info("Starting uvicorn server...")
    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)

How to Run the Bot

1. Set the HOST and USER_ID variables in main.py to match your environment.

2. Run the server from your terminal:

   uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000

3. Your bot will be running at http://0.0.0.0:8000.

Now you can mention your bot from anywhere in the Fediverse (e.g., @reminder@your.host.com) to set a reminder.

Next Steps

This tutorial covers the basics of creating a simple ActivityPub bot. Since it only uses in-memory storage, all reminders will be lost on server restart. Here are some potential improvements:

• Persistent Storage: Replace the in-memory ACTIVITY_STORE with a database like SQLite or PostgreSQL.
• Robust Task Queuing: Use a dedicated task queue like Celery with a Redis or RabbitMQ broker to ensure reminders are not lost if the server restarts.
• Advanced Commands: Add support for more complex commands, such as recurring reminders.

We hope this guide serves as a good starting point for building your own ActivityPub applications!

https://fedi-libs.github.io/apkit/

https://github.com/fedi-libs/apkit

https://github.com/AmaseCocoa/activitypub-reminder-bot

🐍🏃‍➡️ We kicked off the first day of the #Python #CoreSprint at #Arm in #Cambridge with lots of talks and lots of discussion about talks!

Ken Jin - Building a JIT Community AND Demo [effect] of new C API
@antocuni - Tracing JITs on real code
@brettcannon - WASI update AND precompiled binaries from python.org
Hood Chatham - Upstreaming Pyodide FFI
@freakboy3742 - Managing cross-platform wheel builds
Steering Council - PEP 793 and abi3/abi3t/abi4
Matthew Parkinson - Designing Deep Immutability

As inscrições para os tutoriais da Python Brasil 2025 abrem dia 22 de setembro, às 8h da manhã 🐍 🔥 E serão realizadas pelo Eventbrite (mesmo link dos ingressos de palestras)

Tutoriais são atividades gratuitas, e você pode se inscrever em mais de um tutorial (desde que os horários não sejam conflitantes).

Confira a programação 📅 e planeje com calma em quais dessas atividades incríveis você quer participar ♥️

https://talks.python.org.br/pythonbrasil-2025/schedule/

#python #pythonbrasil #bolhadev

Although I've used python's matplotlib for years, it has always been a case of hacking together code snippets from the web.

Why? Because I don't think there is a unified, coherent, consistent design philosophy. If there is, I have never found it in all these years.

I keep reading that the Grammar of Graphics is the solution - an actually designed framework which has been implemented first and foremost in R, but python implementations exist too.

What do people think?

I'd welcome your thoughts before I invest time in learning some grammar of graphics and maybe trying a library like plotnine.

Are my expectations of Grammar of Graphics too high?

cc @nrennie

#python #R #ggplot2 #grammarofgraphics #visualisation #dataviz

Although I've used python's matplotlib for years, it has always been a case of hacking together code snippets from the web.

Why? Because I don't think there is a unified, coherent, consistent design philosophy. If there is, I have never found it in all these years.

I keep reading that the Grammar of Graphics is the solution - an actually designed framework which has been implemented first and foremost in R, but python implementations exist too.

What do people think?

I'd welcome your thoughts before I invest time in learning some grammar of graphics and maybe trying a library like plotnine.

Are my expectations of Grammar of Graphics too high?

cc @nrennie

#python #R #ggplot2 #grammarofgraphics #visualisation #dataviz

#introduction

Hi all, my name is Stuart but you can call me Stu.

I am a big fan of all sorts of #technology and also a very huge fan of #music of all types of different genres.

I love playing #golf and I love watching movies and TV shows.

#openweb #opensource #linux #python #golf #tvvseries #music

As inscrições para os tutoriais da Python Brasil 2025 abrem dia 22 de setembro, às 8h da manhã 🐍 🔥 E serão realizadas pelo Eventbrite (mesmo link dos ingressos de palestras)

Tutoriais são atividades gratuitas, e você pode se inscrever em mais de um tutorial (desde que os horários não sejam conflitantes).

Confira a programação 📅 e planeje com calma em quais dessas atividades incríveis você quer participar ♥️

https://talks.python.org.br/pythonbrasil-2025/schedule/

#python #pythonbrasil #bolhadev

Buenas pessoal!

Estão sabendo que eu serei Keynote da PySul esse ano?

Fiquei super feliz com esse convite, gostaria de convidar a todes para participar desse evento que será lindo como sempre.

Quem eu encontro lá ein (no evento ou no bar)??

Pega teu mate e te aprochega!
📅 21 a 23 de Novembro de 2025
📍 Porto Alegre - RS

https://sul.python.org.br/keynote-bruna-ferreira-bug-esleif-python-sul-2025/

#python #tech #development #coding

Buenas pessoal!

Estão sabendo que eu serei Keynote da PySul esse ano?

Fiquei super feliz com esse convite, gostaria de convidar a todes para participar desse evento que será lindo como sempre.

Quem eu encontro lá ein (no evento ou no bar)??

Pega teu mate e te aprochega!
📅 21 a 23 de Novembro de 2025
📍 Porto Alegre - RS

https://sul.python.org.br/keynote-bruna-ferreira-bug-esleif-python-sul-2025/

#python #tech #development #coding

This tutorial will guide you through building a simple ActivityPub bot using Python. The bot will listen for mentions and, when it receives a message in a specific format, it will schedule and send a reminder back to the user after a specified delay.

For example, if a user mentions the bot with a message like "@reminder@your.host.com 10m check the oven", the bot will reply 10 minutes later with a message like "🔔 Reminder for @user: check the oven".

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you will need Python 3.10+ and the following libraries:

• apkit[server]: A powerful toolkit for building ActivityPub applications in Python. We use the server extra, which includes FastAPI-based components.
• uvicorn: An ASGI server to run our FastAPI application.
• cryptography: Used for generating and managing the cryptographic keys required for ActivityPub.
• uv: An optional but recommended fast package manager.

You can install these dependencies using uv or pip.

# Initialize a new project with uv
uv init

# Install dependencies
uv add "apkit[server]" uvicorn cryptography

Project Structure

The project structure is minimal, consisting of a single Python file for our bot's logic.

.
├── main.py
└── private_key.pem

• main.py: Contains all the code for the bot.
• private_key.pem: The private key for the bot's Actor. This will be generated automatically on the first run.

Code Walkthrough

Our application logic can be broken down into the following steps:

1. Imports and Configuration: Set up necessary imports and basic configuration variables.
2. Key Generation: Prepare the cryptographic keys needed for signing activities.
3. Actor Definition: Define the bot's identity on the Fediverse.
4. Server Initialization: Set up the apkit ActivityPub server.
5. Data Storage: Implement a simple in-memory store for created activities.
6. Reminder Logic: Code the core logic for parsing reminders and sending notifications.
7. Endpoint Definitions: Create the necessary web endpoints (/actor, /inbox, etc.).
8. Activity Handlers: Process incoming activities from other servers.
9. Application Startup: Run the server.

Let's dive into each section of the main.py file.

1. Imports and Configuration

First, we import the necessary modules and define the basic configuration for our bot.

# main.py

import asyncio
import logging
import re
import uuid
import os
from datetime import timedelta, datetime

# Imports from FastAPI, cryptography, and apkit
from fastapi import Request, Response
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization as crypto_serialization

from apkit.config import AppConfig
from apkit.server import ActivityPubServer
from apkit.server.types import Context, ActorKey
from apkit.server.responses import ActivityResponse
from apkit.models import (
    Actor, Application, CryptographicKey, Follow, Create, Note, Mention, Actor as APKitActor, OrderedCollection,
)
from apkit.client import WebfingerResource, WebfingerResult, WebfingerLink
from apkit.client.asyncio.client import ActivityPubClient

# --- Logging Setup ---
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# --- Basic Configuration ---
HOST = "your.host.com"  # Replace with your domain
USER_ID = "reminder"      # The bot's username

Make sure to replace your.host.com with the actual domain where your bot will be hosted. These values determine your bot's unique identifier (e.g., @reminder@your.host.com).

2. Key Generation and Persistence

ActivityPub uses HTTP Signatures to secure communication between servers. This requires each actor to have a public/private key pair. The following code generates a private key and saves it to a file if one doesn't already exist.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Key Persistence ---
KEY_FILE = "private_key.pem"

# Load the private key if it exists, otherwise generate a new one
if os.path.exists(KEY_FILE):
    logger.info(f"Loading existing private key from {KEY_FILE}.")
    with open(KEY_FILE, "rb") as f:
        private_key = crypto_serialization.load_pem_private_key(f.read(), password=None)
else:
    logger.info(f"No key file found. Generating new private key and saving to {KEY_FILE}.")
    private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(public_exponent=65537, key_size=2048)
    with open(KEY_FILE, "wb") as f:
        f.write(private_key.private_bytes(
            encoding=crypto_serialization.Encoding.PEM,
            format=crypto_serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
            encryption_algorithm=crypto_serialization.NoEncryption()
        ))

# Generate the public key from the private key
public_key_pem = private_key.public_key().public_bytes(
    encoding=crypto_serialization.Encoding.PEM,
    format=crypto_serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo
).decode('utf-8')

3. Actor Definition

Next, we define the bot's Actor. The Actor is the bot's identity in the ActivityPub network. We use the Application type, as this entity is automated.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Actor Definition ---
actor = Application(
    id=f"https://{HOST}/actor",
    name="Reminder Bot",
    preferredUsername=USER_ID,
    summary="A bot that sends you reminders. Mention me like: @reminder 5m Check the oven",
    inbox=f"https://{HOST}/inbox",      # Endpoint for receiving activities
    outbox=f"https://{HOST}/outbox",    # Endpoint for sending activities
    publicKey=CryptographicKey(
        id=f"https://{HOST}/actor#main-key",
        owner=f"https://{HOST}/actor",
        publicKeyPem=public_key_pem
    )
)

4. Server Initialization

We initialize the ActivityPubServer from apkit, providing it with a function to retrieve our Actor's keys for signing outgoing activities.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Key Retrieval Function ---
async def get_keys_for_actor(identifier: str) -> list[ActorKey]:
    """Returns the key for a given Actor ID."""
    if identifier == actor.id:
        return [ActorKey(key_id=actor.publicKey.id, private_key=private_key)]
    return []

# --- Server Initialization ---
app = ActivityPubServer(apkit_config=AppConfig(
    actor_keys=get_keys_for_actor  # Register the key retrieval function
))

5. In-Memory Storage and Cache

To serve created activities, we need to store them somewhere. For simplicity, this example uses a basic in-memory dictionary as a store and a cache. In a production application, you would replace this with a persistent database (like SQLite or PostgreSQL) and a proper cache (like Redis).

# main.py (continued)

# --- In-memory Store and Cache ---
ACTIVITY_STORE = {} # A simple dict to store created activities
CACHE = {}          # A cache for recently accessed activities
CACHE_TTL = timedelta(minutes=5) # Cache expiration time (5 minutes)

6. Reminder Parsing and Sending Logic

This is the core logic of our bot. The parse_reminder function uses a regular expression to extract the delay and message from a mention, and send_reminder schedules the notification.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Reminder Parsing Logic ---
def parse_reminder(text: str) -> tuple[timedelta | None, str | None, str | None]:
    """Parses reminder text like '5m do something'."""
    # ... (implementation omitted for brevity)

# --- Reminder Sending Function ---
async def send_reminder(ctx: Context, delay: timedelta, message: str, target_actor: APKitActor, original_note: Note):
    """Waits for a specified delay and then sends a reminder."""
    logger.info(f"Scheduling reminder for {target_actor.id} in {delay}: '{message}'")
    await asyncio.sleep(delay.total_seconds()) # Asynchronously wait
    
    logger.info(f"Sending reminder to {target_actor.id}")
    
    # Create the reminder Note
    reminder_note = Note(...)
    # Wrap it in a Create activity
    reminder_create = Create(...)
    
    # Store the created activities
    ACTIVITY_STORE[reminder_note.id] = reminder_note
    ACTIVITY_STORE[reminder_create.id] = reminder_create
    
    # Send the activity to the target actor's inbox
    keys = await get_keys_for_actor(f"https://{HOST}/actor")
    await ctx.send(keys, target_actor, reminder_create)
    logger.info(f"Reminder sent to {target_actor.id}")

7. Endpoint Definitions

We define the required ActivityPub endpoints. Since apkit is built on FastAPI, we can use standard FastAPI decorators. The main endpoints are:

• Webfinger: Allows users on other servers to discover the bot using an address like @user@host. This is a crucial first step for federation.
• /actor: Serves the bot's Actor object, which contains its profile information and public key.
• /inbox: The endpoint where the bot receives activities from other servers. apkit handles this route automatically, directing activities to the handlers we'll define in the next step.
• /outbox: A collection of the activities created by the bot. but this returns placeholder collection.
• /notes/{note_id} and /creates/{create_id}: Endpoints to serve specific objects created by the bot, allowing other servers to fetch them by their unique ID.

Here is the code for defining these endpoints:

# main.py (continued)

# The inbox endpoint is handled by apkit automatically.
app.inbox("/inbox")

@app.webfinger()
async def webfinger_endpoint(request: Request, acct: WebfingerResource) -> Response:
    """Handles Webfinger requests to make the bot discoverable."""
    if not acct.url:
        # Handle resource queries like acct:user@host
        if acct.username == USER_ID and acct.host == HOST:
            link = WebfingerLink(rel="self", type="application/activity+json", href=actor.id)
            wf_result = WebfingerResult(subject=acct, links=[link])
            return JSONResponse(wf_result.to_json(), media_type="application/jrd+json")
    else:
        # Handle resource queries using a URL
        if acct.url == f"https://{HOST}/actor":
            link = WebfingerLink(rel="self", type="application/activity+json", href=actor.id)
            wf_result = WebfingerResult(subject=acct, links=[link])
            return JSONResponse(wf_result.to_json(), media_type="application/jrd+json")
    return JSONResponse({"message": "Not Found"}, status_code=404)

@app.get("/actor")
async def get_actor_endpoint():
    """Serves the bot's Actor object."""
    return ActivityResponse(actor)

@app.get("/outbox")
async def get_outbox_endpoint():
    """Serves a collection of the bot's sent activities."""
    items = sorted(ACTIVITY_STORE.values(), key=lambda x: x.id, reverse=True)
    outbox_collection = OrderedCollection(
        id=actor.outbox,
        totalItems=len(items),
        orderedItems=items
    )
    return ActivityResponse(outbox_collection)

@app.get("/notes/{note_id}")
async def get_note_endpoint(note_id: uuid.UUID):
    """Serves a specific Note object, with caching."""
    note_uri = f"https://{HOST}/notes/{note_id}"
    
    # Check cache first
    if note_uri in CACHE and (datetime.now() - CACHE[note_uri]["timestamp"]) < CACHE_TTL:
        return ActivityResponse(CACHE[note_uri]["activity"])
        
    # If not in cache, get from store
    if note_uri in ACTIVITY_STORE:
        activity = ACTIVITY_STORE[note_uri]
        # Add to cache before returning
        CACHE[note_uri] = {"activity": activity, "timestamp": datetime.now()}
        return ActivityResponse(activity)
        
    return Response(status_code=404) # Not Found

@app.get("/creates/{create_id}")
async def get_create_endpoint(create_id: uuid.UUID):
    """Serves a specific Create activity, with caching."""
    create_uri = f"https://{HOST}/creates/{create_id}"
    
    if create_uri in CACHE and (datetime.now() - CACHE[create_uri]["timestamp"]) < CACHE_TTL:
        return ActivityResponse(CACHE[create_uri]["activity"])
        
    if create_uri in ACTIVITY_STORE:
        activity = ACTIVITY_STORE[create_uri]
        CACHE[create_uri] = {"activity": activity, "timestamp": datetime.now()}
        return ActivityResponse(activity)
        
    return Response(status_code=404)

8. Activity Handlers

We use the @app.on() decorator to define handlers for specific activity types posted to our inbox.

• on_follow_activity: Automatically accepts Follow requests.
• on_create_activity: Parses incoming Create activities (specifically for Note objects) to schedule reminders.

# main.py (continued)

# Handler for Follow activities
@app.on(Follow)
async def on_follow_activity(ctx: Context):
    """Automatically accepts follow requests."""
    # ... (implementation omitted for brevity)

# Handler for Create activities
@app.on(Create)
async def on_create_activity(ctx: Context):
    """Parses mentions to schedule reminders."""
    activity = ctx.activity
    # Ignore if it's not a Note
    if not (isinstance(activity, Create) and isinstance(activity.object, Note)):
        return Response(status_code=202)

    note = activity.object
    
    # Check if the bot was mentioned
    is_mentioned = any(
        isinstance(tag, Mention) and tag.href == actor.id for tag in (note.tag or [])
    )
    
    if not is_mentioned:
        return Response(status_code=202)

    # ... (Parse reminder text)
    delay, message, time_str = parse_reminder(command_text)

    # If parsing is successful, schedule the reminder as a background task
    if delay and message and sender_actor:
        asyncio.create_task(send_reminder(ctx, delay, message, sender_actor, note))
        reply_content = f"<p>✅ OK! I will remind you in {time_str}.</p>"
    else:
        # If parsing fails, send usage instructions
        reply_content = "<p>🤔 Sorry, I didn\'t understand. Please use the format: `@reminder [time] [message]`.</p><p>Example: `@reminder 10m Check the oven`</p>"

    # ... (Create and send the reply Note)

9. Running the Application

Finally, we run the application using uvicorn.

# main.py (continued)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import uvicorn
    logger.info("Starting uvicorn server...")
    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)

How to Run the Bot

1. Set the HOST and USER_ID variables in main.py to match your environment.

2. Run the server from your terminal:

   uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000

3. Your bot will be running at http://0.0.0.0:8000.

Now you can mention your bot from anywhere in the Fediverse (e.g., @reminder@your.host.com) to set a reminder.

Next Steps

This tutorial covers the basics of creating a simple ActivityPub bot. Since it only uses in-memory storage, all reminders will be lost on server restart. Here are some potential improvements:

• Persistent Storage: Replace the in-memory ACTIVITY_STORE with a database like SQLite or PostgreSQL.
• Robust Task Queuing: Use a dedicated task queue like Celery with a Redis or RabbitMQ broker to ensure reminders are not lost if the server restarts.
• Advanced Commands: Add support for more complex commands, such as recurring reminders.

We hope this guide serves as a good starting point for building your own ActivityPub applications!

https://fedi-libs.github.io/apkit/

https://github.com/fedi-libs/apkit

https://github.com/AmaseCocoa/activitypub-reminder-bot

Should I make more T-shirts?

https://villares-shop.fourthwall.com/

https://umapenca.com/villares/

#Python #Processing #py5 #CreativeCoding #FLOSS #numpy #shapely #trimesh

This tutorial will guide you through building a simple ActivityPub bot using Python. The bot will listen for mentions and, when it receives a message in a specific format, it will schedule and send a reminder back to the user after a specified delay.

For example, if a user mentions the bot with a message like "@reminder@your.host.com 10m check the oven", the bot will reply 10 minutes later with a message like "🔔 Reminder for @user: check the oven".

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you will need Python 3.10+ and the following libraries:

• apkit[server]: A powerful toolkit for building ActivityPub applications in Python. We use the server extra, which includes FastAPI-based components.
• uvicorn: An ASGI server to run our FastAPI application.
• cryptography: Used for generating and managing the cryptographic keys required for ActivityPub.
• uv: An optional but recommended fast package manager.

You can install these dependencies using uv or pip.

# Initialize a new project with uv
uv init

# Install dependencies
uv add "apkit[server]" uvicorn cryptography

Project Structure

The project structure is minimal, consisting of a single Python file for our bot's logic.

.
├── main.py
└── private_key.pem

• main.py: Contains all the code for the bot.
• private_key.pem: The private key for the bot's Actor. This will be generated automatically on the first run.

Code Walkthrough

Our application logic can be broken down into the following steps:

1. Imports and Configuration: Set up necessary imports and basic configuration variables.
2. Key Generation: Prepare the cryptographic keys needed for signing activities.
3. Actor Definition: Define the bot's identity on the Fediverse.
4. Server Initialization: Set up the apkit ActivityPub server.
5. Data Storage: Implement a simple in-memory store for created activities.
6. Reminder Logic: Code the core logic for parsing reminders and sending notifications.
7. Endpoint Definitions: Create the necessary web endpoints (/actor, /inbox, etc.).
8. Activity Handlers: Process incoming activities from other servers.
9. Application Startup: Run the server.

Let's dive into each section of the main.py file.

1. Imports and Configuration

First, we import the necessary modules and define the basic configuration for our bot.

# main.py

import asyncio
import logging
import re
import uuid
import os
from datetime import timedelta, datetime

# Imports from FastAPI, cryptography, and apkit
from fastapi import Request, Response
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization as crypto_serialization

from apkit.config import AppConfig
from apkit.server import ActivityPubServer
from apkit.server.types import Context, ActorKey
from apkit.server.responses import ActivityResponse
from apkit.models import (
    Actor, Application, CryptographicKey, Follow, Create, Note, Mention, Actor as APKitActor, OrderedCollection,
)
from apkit.client import WebfingerResource, WebfingerResult, WebfingerLink
from apkit.client.asyncio.client import ActivityPubClient

# --- Logging Setup ---
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# --- Basic Configuration ---
HOST = "your.host.com"  # Replace with your domain
USER_ID = "reminder"      # The bot's username

Make sure to replace your.host.com with the actual domain where your bot will be hosted. These values determine your bot's unique identifier (e.g., @reminder@your.host.com).

2. Key Generation and Persistence

ActivityPub uses HTTP Signatures to secure communication between servers. This requires each actor to have a public/private key pair. The following code generates a private key and saves it to a file if one doesn't already exist.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Key Persistence ---
KEY_FILE = "private_key.pem"

# Load the private key if it exists, otherwise generate a new one
if os.path.exists(KEY_FILE):
    logger.info(f"Loading existing private key from {KEY_FILE}.")
    with open(KEY_FILE, "rb") as f:
        private_key = crypto_serialization.load_pem_private_key(f.read(), password=None)
else:
    logger.info(f"No key file found. Generating new private key and saving to {KEY_FILE}.")
    private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(public_exponent=65537, key_size=2048)
    with open(KEY_FILE, "wb") as f:
        f.write(private_key.private_bytes(
            encoding=crypto_serialization.Encoding.PEM,
            format=crypto_serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
            encryption_algorithm=crypto_serialization.NoEncryption()
        ))

# Generate the public key from the private key
public_key_pem = private_key.public_key().public_bytes(
    encoding=crypto_serialization.Encoding.PEM,
    format=crypto_serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo
).decode('utf-8')

3. Actor Definition

Next, we define the bot's Actor. The Actor is the bot's identity in the ActivityPub network. We use the Application type, as this entity is automated.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Actor Definition ---
actor = Application(
    id=f"https://{HOST}/actor",
    name="Reminder Bot",
    preferredUsername=USER_ID,
    summary="A bot that sends you reminders. Mention me like: @reminder 5m Check the oven",
    inbox=f"https://{HOST}/inbox",      # Endpoint for receiving activities
    outbox=f"https://{HOST}/outbox",    # Endpoint for sending activities
    publicKey=CryptographicKey(
        id=f"https://{HOST}/actor#main-key",
        owner=f"https://{HOST}/actor",
        publicKeyPem=public_key_pem
    )
)

4. Server Initialization

We initialize the ActivityPubServer from apkit, providing it with a function to retrieve our Actor's keys for signing outgoing activities.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Key Retrieval Function ---
async def get_keys_for_actor(identifier: str) -> list[ActorKey]:
    """Returns the key for a given Actor ID."""
    if identifier == actor.id:
        return [ActorKey(key_id=actor.publicKey.id, private_key=private_key)]
    return []

# --- Server Initialization ---
app = ActivityPubServer(apkit_config=AppConfig(
    actor_keys=get_keys_for_actor  # Register the key retrieval function
))

5. In-Memory Storage and Cache

To serve created activities, we need to store them somewhere. For simplicity, this example uses a basic in-memory dictionary as a store and a cache. In a production application, you would replace this with a persistent database (like SQLite or PostgreSQL) and a proper cache (like Redis).

# main.py (continued)

# --- In-memory Store and Cache ---
ACTIVITY_STORE = {} # A simple dict to store created activities
CACHE = {}          # A cache for recently accessed activities
CACHE_TTL = timedelta(minutes=5) # Cache expiration time (5 minutes)

6. Reminder Parsing and Sending Logic

This is the core logic of our bot. The parse_reminder function uses a regular expression to extract the delay and message from a mention, and send_reminder schedules the notification.

# main.py (continued)

# --- Reminder Parsing Logic ---
def parse_reminder(text: str) -> tuple[timedelta | None, str | None, str | None]:
    """Parses reminder text like '5m do something'."""
    # ... (implementation omitted for brevity)

# --- Reminder Sending Function ---
async def send_reminder(ctx: Context, delay: timedelta, message: str, target_actor: APKitActor, original_note: Note):
    """Waits for a specified delay and then sends a reminder."""
    logger.info(f"Scheduling reminder for {target_actor.id} in {delay}: '{message}'")
    await asyncio.sleep(delay.total_seconds()) # Asynchronously wait
    
    logger.info(f"Sending reminder to {target_actor.id}")
    
    # Create the reminder Note
    reminder_note = Note(...)
    # Wrap it in a Create activity
    reminder_create = Create(...)
    
    # Store the created activities
    ACTIVITY_STORE[reminder_note.id] = reminder_note
    ACTIVITY_STORE[reminder_create.id] = reminder_create
    
    # Send the activity to the target actor's inbox
    keys = await get_keys_for_actor(f"https://{HOST}/actor")
    await ctx.send(keys, target_actor, reminder_create)
    logger.info(f"Reminder sent to {target_actor.id}")

7. Endpoint Definitions

We define the required ActivityPub endpoints. Since apkit is built on FastAPI, we can use standard FastAPI decorators. The main endpoints are:

• Webfinger: Allows users on other servers to discover the bot using an address like @user@host. This is a crucial first step for federation.
• /actor: Serves the bot's Actor object, which contains its profile information and public key.
• /inbox: The endpoint where the bot receives activities from other servers. apkit handles this route automatically, directing activities to the handlers we'll define in the next step.
• /outbox: A collection of the activities created by the bot. but this returns placeholder collection.
• /notes/{note_id} and /creates/{create_id}: Endpoints to serve specific objects created by the bot, allowing other servers to fetch them by their unique ID.

Here is the code for defining these endpoints:

# main.py (continued)

# The inbox endpoint is handled by apkit automatically.
app.inbox("/inbox")

@app.webfinger()
async def webfinger_endpoint(request: Request, acct: WebfingerResource) -> Response:
    """Handles Webfinger requests to make the bot discoverable."""
    if not acct.url:
        # Handle resource queries like acct:user@host
        if acct.username == USER_ID and acct.host == HOST:
            link = WebfingerLink(rel="self", type="application/activity+json", href=actor.id)
            wf_result = WebfingerResult(subject=acct, links=[link])
            return JSONResponse(wf_result.to_json(), media_type="application/jrd+json")
    else:
        # Handle resource queries using a URL
        if acct.url == f"https://{HOST}/actor":
            link = WebfingerLink(rel="self", type="application/activity+json", href=actor.id)
            wf_result = WebfingerResult(subject=acct, links=[link])
            return JSONResponse(wf_result.to_json(), media_type="application/jrd+json")
    return JSONResponse({"message": "Not Found"}, status_code=404)

@app.get("/actor")
async def get_actor_endpoint():
    """Serves the bot's Actor object."""
    return ActivityResponse(actor)

@app.get("/outbox")
async def get_outbox_endpoint():
    """Serves a collection of the bot's sent activities."""
    items = sorted(ACTIVITY_STORE.values(), key=lambda x: x.id, reverse=True)
    outbox_collection = OrderedCollection(
        id=actor.outbox,
        totalItems=len(items),
        orderedItems=items
    )
    return ActivityResponse(outbox_collection)

@app.get("/notes/{note_id}")
async def get_note_endpoint(note_id: uuid.UUID):
    """Serves a specific Note object, with caching."""
    note_uri = f"https://{HOST}/notes/{note_id}"
    
    # Check cache first
    if note_uri in CACHE and (datetime.now() - CACHE[note_uri]["timestamp"]) < CACHE_TTL:
        return ActivityResponse(CACHE[note_uri]["activity"])
        
    # If not in cache, get from store
    if note_uri in ACTIVITY_STORE:
        activity = ACTIVITY_STORE[note_uri]
        # Add to cache before returning
        CACHE[note_uri] = {"activity": activity, "timestamp": datetime.now()}
        return ActivityResponse(activity)
        
    return Response(status_code=404) # Not Found

@app.get("/creates/{create_id}")
async def get_create_endpoint(create_id: uuid.UUID):
    """Serves a specific Create activity, with caching."""
    create_uri = f"https://{HOST}/creates/{create_id}"
    
    if create_uri in CACHE and (datetime.now() - CACHE[create_uri]["timestamp"]) < CACHE_TTL:
        return ActivityResponse(CACHE[create_uri]["activity"])
        
    if create_uri in ACTIVITY_STORE:
        activity = ACTIVITY_STORE[create_uri]
        CACHE[create_uri] = {"activity": activity, "timestamp": datetime.now()}
        return ActivityResponse(activity)
        
    return Response(status_code=404)